< img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=246923367957190&ev=PageView&noscript=1" /> Izindaba - Imboni Yezingxenye Zezimoto YaseThailand: Inqubekela-phambili Eqinile!
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Imboni Yezingxenye Zezimoto YaseThailand: Inqubekela-phambili Eqinile!

I-Thailand iyisizinda esibalulekile sokukhiqiza izimoto emhlabeni, esibonakala eqinisweni lokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zaminyaka yonke zaseThailand kuphakeme njengezimoto eziyizigidi ezingu-1.9, eziphakeme kakhulu e-ASEAN; okubaluleke nakakhulu, ngo-2022, inani eliphelele lokuthekelisa lemboni yezingxenye zezimoto yaseThailand lafinyelela ku-1.31 trillion baht, ukukhuphuka ngo-8.2%, okubalelwa ku-12.3% we-GDP; inani lokuthekelisa lezingxenye liphezulu kakhulu e-ASEAN futhi likleliswe endaweni ye-14 emhlabeni, futhi inani lokuthekelisa lamasondo ezimoto selifinyelele endaweni yesibili emhlabeni. Kungashiwo ukuthi imboni yokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto ikhuthaze iThailand ukuthi ibe isizinda sokukhiqiza imboni yezimoto yesimanje.

isimo esiyisisekelo

Kusukela ngo-1963, uhulumeni waseThailand ubelokhu ekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezingxenye zezimoto. Ekuqaleni, iminyango kahulumeni wase-Thai yayigxile ekwethuleni izindlela zokweseka ukutshalwa kwezimali ekukhiqizweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezingxenye zezimoto zasekhaya, ikakhulukazi ukwenyuka kwentela yokungenisa izimoto ezimotweni eziphelele (I-Complete Built-Up: CBU) kanye nokuwisa phansi (Qedela Ukudiliza Phansi: CKD). Ngokulandelayo, Ibhodi Lokutshalwa Kwezimali (i-BOI) likhiphe izinyathelo ezifana nokukhululwa enteleni yemali engenayo yebhizinisi kanye nokukhululwa kwentela yokungenisa imishini ukuze kuhehe abatshalizimali bangaphandle ukuthi bamise izisekelo zokukhiqiza e-Thailand.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wase-Thai uphinde wanquma ingxenye yezingxenye zezimoto ezikhiqizwa endaweni ezisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwezimoto (imfuneko yokuqukethwe kwendawo: LCR). Le mfuneko ikhanseliwe, kodwa ingxenye yezingxenye ezikhiqizwe endaweni enanini eliphelele lezingxenye zezimoto ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto zabagibeli zaseThailand zisaphezulu njengo-60-80%; izimoto ezinobungani bemvelo namaloli eveni afinyelela ku-90%, futhi izithuthuthu zisebenzisa cishe zonke izingxenye ezikhiqizwa endaweni. Njengamanje, izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala zaseThailand namanye amazwe afana ne-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), iThailand-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (JTEPA), kanye neThailand-Australia Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA) ziholele ekwehleni kwe-CBU kanye I-CKD ingenisa kwamanye amazwe ngamanani entengo aphezulu.

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Abatshalizimali baseThailand nabakwamanye amazwe bayaqhubeka nokutshala imali embonini yezingxenye zezimoto eThailand. Izinkampani zasendaweni ezibalulekile nemisebenzi ehlanganyelwe e-Thailand ihlanganisa i-Thai Summit Auto Parts Co., Ltd., i-Sammitr Auto Parts Co., Ltd., i-Somboon Advance Technology Plc., i-Thai Auto Pressparts Co., Ltd., njll. Abahlinzeki bezingxenye zezimoto abadumile emhlabeni wonke. ezimise izisekelo zokukhiqiza e-Thailand zifaka i-Bosch, i-Denso, i-Magna, i-Continental, i-ZF, ne-Aisin Seiki. Phakathi kwemikhiqizo ebalulekile kukhona:

1) Iqembu lezingxenye zenjoloba:

Ukuthembela ekuhlinzekeni kwasekhaya kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwenjoloba yemvelo eThailand, njengamapayipi, amabhande, amarimu e-fiberglass, amathayi emoto neminye imikhiqizo edinga ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obusezingeni eliphezulu;

2) I-Powertrain nezingxenye zenjini:

Phakathi kwazo, i-supply chain iyinkimbinkimbi futhi inani lidlula i-1/3 yezindleko zokukhiqiza izimoto ze-internal combustion engine (ICE). Futhi yiqembu uhulumeni waseThailand akhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, njengama-radiators, amapayipi okukhipha umoya, amasistimu okuhambisa uphethiloli, amathangi kaphethiloli, amasistimu okuthungela, amagiya, njll.;

3) Izimoto zikagesi:

Uhulumeni wase-Thailand ukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezimoto zikagesi ngendlela yephakheji, ngakho abakhiqizi bezimoto kancane kancane bafaka isicelo sokutshala imali ukuze bakhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi nezingxenye eThailand. Amabhethri, ikakhulukazi, afinyelela ku-30% wezindleko zezimoto zikagesi.

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Imikhiqizo kanye nesakhiwo sokuthekelisa

Imboni yokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto yaseThailand incike kakhulu emakethe yayo yasekhaya, okudayiswayo kubalelwa ku-60-70%, ihlukaniswe yaba umhlangano wezimoto (abakhiqizi bemishini yasekuqaleni i-OEM) kanye nokushintshwa kwezingxenye zezimoto (abakhi bemishini yokushintsha i-REM).

I-OEM: 30-40% yenani eliphelele lokukhishwa kwezingxenye zemakethe yaseThailand

Ukunwetshwa ngokukhula kokukhiqizwa kwezimoto, ezingaphezu kuka-80% zazo ezikhiqizwa ekhaya eThailand, kanti okunye kudinga imikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile evela enkampanini engumzali noma abahlinzeki benkampani engumzali phesheya kwezilwandle, njengezinto zikagesi (ama-microcontroller chips: MCU) zokulawula izimoto. amasistimu angenisiwe evela e-Japan, kanye nezingxenye zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi nezingxenye zezimoto zikagesi ezingeniswe zisuka e-China.

I-REM: 60-70% yenani eliphelele lemakethe yezingxenye zasekhaya zaseThailand

Imakethe ye-REM ikhula ngendlela efanayo nenani eliqongelelwe lezimoto ezibhalisiwe, kuya ngenkathi yokusetshenziswa kanye nesidingo sezingxenye ezishintshwayo (izingxenye eziyisipele). I-REM ineziteshi ezihlukene zokusabalalisa, okuhlanganisa izikhungo zesevisi yokukhanda abathengisi/abadayisi bezimoto, izingxenye zezimoto zezitolo ezinkulu nezezitolo, nezitolo zokulungisa ezijwayelekile. Ngokwevelu yezingxenye ezingenisiwe, i-REM ibalelwa ku-10-20% yenani eliphelele lezingxenye ezingenisiwe, eziningi zazo ezingeniswa zivela e-Japan (ezibalelwa ku-43% wesamba sesamba sezingxenye ze-REM ezingenisiwe), kanye ne-China (17). %) kanye ne-United States (8%).

Izingxenye ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zibalelwa ku-30-40% wesamba semali engenayo yomkhakha wokukhiqiza izingxenye, lapho izingxenye ze-OEM zenza u-80-85% wesamba esithunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nezingxenye ze-REM zenza u-15-20%. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ezithunyelwa yiThailand izinjini, amahhanisi ezintambo, imizimba, izibuko, amagiya amayunithi, amathayi nezingxenye zenjoloba.

I-Thailand ithathwa njengezwe elincintisana kakhulu emkhakheni wezingxenye zezimoto emhlabeni jikelele. Isebenzisa amaketanga okuhlinzeka ukuze kuzuzwe umnotho wesilinganiso futhi ikhwalithi yezingxenye ezikhiqizwayo ibonwa abakhiqizi bezimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iThailand nayo inenzuzo yendawo yokukhiqiza izingxenye, okwenza kube isisekelo sokukhiqiza izingxenye ezibalulekile emhlabeni. Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwezingxenye zaseThailand kwezingxenye (zonke izinhlobo) bekuphezulu e-ASEAN futhi kwakleliswa endaweni ye-14 emhlabeni. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ezithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe bekungamasondo ezimoto (eyesibili emhlabeni), ezinye izingxenye zezithuthuthu (ngaphandle kwezinjini namathayi ezimoto) (ezikleliswe endaweni yesi-3), izinjini (ezikleliswe endaweni ye-13) nezinye izingxenye zezimoto (ngaphandle kwezinjini namathayi) (ezikleliswe endaweni ye-15). Iningi lezingxenye zezimoto zaseThailand zithunyelwa ezisekelweni zokukhiqiza izimoto zase-ASEAN, okuyi-Indonesia, iMalaysia, iVietnam kanye nePhilippines, ezihlanganisa u-22% wesamba sesamba sezingxenye zezimoto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kulandele i-United States (22%) neJapane (9%). ).

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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-14-2024